Borangkhola Bazar

Borangkhola Bazar is a local market of eastern Lamjung, Gandaki province. It lies in ward no. 1 of Rainas Municipality. It is an old and famous local market of eastern Lamjung. Its old name is Dhaple Bhatti or Dhulpure. The northern boarder is Borangkhola (a small stream). The eastern border is Chepe River (Champawati River); a holistic river as well as a historical river. It lies at about 700 meters from the sea level. Currently, it is a bus stop on the way to Bichaur (Dudhapokhari Rural Municipality).

Click the following link

Borangkhola Bazar: A bit old Video

It is said that the firsts dwellers of this market were Jhanak Man Shrestha, Harka Man Shrestha and Kali Bahadur Gurung. Later on, Dhaple Budha (people used to say Dhaple Gurung) also gave company to others. Jhanak Man Shrestha started cloth shop from 2017 Bs. Harka Man Shrestha started grocery shop. Kali Bahadur and Dhaple Gurung started local base hotel.

Nowadays this market facilitates with different services. The major shops are as follows:

Kedar Shrestha: Cloth, fancy and grocery shop. 

Click the following link

Youth are making Football Ground

Madan Raj Neupane: Utensils shops (Kitchen utensils and other accessories).

Bishwo Neupane: Mart

Matrika Neupane: Restaurant and Hotel

Jivan Neupane: Restaurant

Samba Gurung: Restaurant

Click the following link

Ropain Jatra

Majority of the households are engaged in local hotel or restaurant.

Volleyball click here

Nowadays, this place has become further center because Ward Office of Rainas Ward No. 1 is here. Very soon one Nepal Police Post is going to be established.

Except cooperative, there are no any banking offices. It is hoped that after the security, there will be banking institute.

 

Impact of Policies on Development of Cooperatives

Impact of Policies on Development of Cooperatives

 Introduction and objective: The study was carried out to analyse the policy impact in the development of cooperative societies in Nepal. Policy is a principle or protocol, which guides to right decisions and achieve rational outcomes. Cooperatives are businesses owned and controlled by the people who use them. Cooperatives differ from other businesses because they are member owned and operate for the benefit of members, rather than earn profits for investors. Co-operative is a form of business enterprises, or community organization, incorporated in service to its members and users, in order to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations. Co-operative is jointly-owned and democratically controlled by its members and users on the basis of one member, one vote.

       The history of cooperatives development is so longer in Nepal. It was nineteen fifties after the end of Rana regime and establishment of democracy in Nepal, the co-operative movement started. Formally, in Nepal the concept of co-operative started in 1956 AD. The cooperative credit societies were the first institutional sources of supplying credit to the farmers in Nepal. From the government level of Nepal, the policy level body: cooperative department was first established under the Ministry of Planning Development and Agriculture in 1953 AD. The first co-operative act of Nepal was issued in 1959 AD. However, the political change in 1960 AD did not feel the need of cooperatives. It took longer time to regain the essence of it. After the restoration of democracy in Nepal, with the implementation of the Cooperative Act 1992, it has got shaped come into organization, even though it is not well structured till now.

Methodology: The research was based on the pragmatic philosophy having with concurrent mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). Conceptual framework was developed based on issue-base analysis. This study was cross sectional. Besides that it was descriptive and exploratory research design. It had adopted purposive sampling. Sample size for survey was 248 (226 members of cooperatives and 22 officials), 5 in-depth interview and focus group studies. The study was carried out from September 2011 to July 2016. Frequencies and percentage were used to find out the prevalence rate of data. Besides that, manual interpretation was done for qualitative information collected from the in-depth interview.

Results: In total, out of 226 respondents, only 73 (32.3%) members, who got members' education, 67.7% are not educated by their cooperatives. In the case of knowledge of insurance in their business, out of 226 respondents, only 9 (4%) had utilized facility of insurance service. From the key informants' opinions, it was found that political changes directly influence development of cooperatives. Panchayat system in Nepal was one of the main political constrains in the development of cooperatives in Nepal. Next, instable governments in later 24 years is another problem to shape the cooperative policy in proper way. The result also found that failure or inactiveness of cooperatives in Nepal were lack of market survey, brain-drain, not properly participated female members in participation and decision level, etc. In the case of female participation, the result showed that out of 226 respondents (members of cooperative societies) only 73 (32.3% were female and 153 (67.7%) were male members although more than half of the population is female. In the governance of cooperatives, chairperson of board of directors plays vital role. However, the result showed that 68.2% of chairpersons from study area were found same for many years.

Conclusion: The implementation of cooperative policies was found very weak. Lack of monitoring, the cooperatives are not following its principles properly. As a result it was found that only 32.3% of members of cooperatives from the study area have got members' education. Lack of training and education towards their business only 4% members who were found using insurance service. There were 28.4% members, who got training from their respective cooperative societies. It was also found that political instability is another main cause of hindrance on the development of cooperatives in Nepal. There are flaws of cooperative policies because of which every year many cooperative societies are becoming failure or inactive. Lack of monitoring, there is found vast gap of gender roles in cooperatives in Nepal. The result showed that out of 226 respondents (members of cooperative societies) only 73 (32.3% were female and 153 (67.7%) were male members from the study area. In total, out of 213 members 51(23.94%) female members were getting chance in board of directors. On the other hand, 162 (76.04%) male members were holding the leadership. It showed too much gap of gender participation in leadership. Similarly, Out of 3942 members who were present in the AGM, 2536 (64.33%) were male and 1406 (35.67%) were female. Out of 75 employs, 62 (82.67%) were male and only 13 (17.33%) were female. In the case of governance of cooperatives, out of 22 cooperatives, 15 (68.2%) had same chairperson for continuously six years. 6 (27.3%) had two and only 1(4.5%) had three chairpersons. Thus, further study is needed to find out the impact of policy on development of cooperatives. As well, study must have coverage of whole country.

 

My Surkhet

Abstract

The tourism industry plays a critical role in Nepal's overall growth. Because of its natural and cultural diversity, Nepal has a very strong natural power. Tourism has a significant role to play in improving the country's international image. Tourism is a major driver of Nepal's economic development. It makes a significant contribution to the Nepalese economy. The tourism industry is seen as a way to boost the country's economy, enhance living standards, and eliminate poverty. Surkhet District represents the country's linguistic, cultural, religious, and biological diversity in a complicated cross-section. It serves as the gateway to Karnali Province, as well as a link to Mansarover, Hinduism's holiest site. The tourism resources present in Surkhet district have a significant impact on tourism growth not only in Karnali province, but also throughout Nepal. The prospective products of tourist development are identified using both primary and secondary data. The importance of this study stems from the need for proper knowledge among tourist development stakeholders. It has a high potential for religious/pilgrimage tourism, rural tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, village tourism, agro-tourism, adventure tourism, health tourism, and other types of tourism.

Background

Surkhet District is a melting pot of linguistic, cultural, religious, and biological diversity. It is located in the Karnali Province. Surkhet boasts a plethora of tourist attractions, and taking advantage of them provides a wide range of comparative advantages. The district's attractions include a diverse range of flora and animals, a park, Bihar, and a diverse climate. Tourism, according to Kunwar (1997), is the temporary migration of people to places other than their usual places of work and residence, as well as the activities they engage in while there and the facilities built to meet their demands. The tourism industry has played a significant influence in the Nepalese economy. Every year, tourists visit Nepal, which benefits Nepalese people directly or indirectly. It is the primary means of obtaining precious foreign currency. Nepal has become a popular tourist destination for visitors from all over the world due to its stunning natural beauty and diverse cultural aspects. As a result, we can confidently assert that tourism may be a potent weapon in the fight against poverty and unemployment. Tourism could improve the living conditions of the impoverished and underprivileged locals if adequate and thorough study is conducted (Upadhaya, 2005). Tourism is a business that is driven by human desires. Tourism has evolved to become the largest and fastest expanding industry in the previous two decades.

In light of this, it is now critical to expand and promote the tourism business, as well as associated events and initiatives. The actions of persons traveling to and staying in places beyond their customary surroundings for not more than one year for leisure, business, or other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the area visited are defined as tourism by Theobald (1998). Surkhet District is located in Karnali Province's southern region. It is a place blessed by God with natural assets such as valley land, river, basin, mild climate, and other features that would pique the tourist's interest. Natural beauty abounds in this neighborhood, as well as cultural diversity. From a variety of views, this region is an ideal tourist destination.

Kankre Bihar's most stunning attraction is the Surkhetis holy shrine. Deutibajai Temple, Shiva Mandir, Siddhapaila, and Gangamala Mandir, the Hindu faith's center, are among the district's other major religious attractions. Pilgrims come from all throughout Nepal, and even certain parts of India, to pay their respects to the Goddess. The constant dingdong of bells and the scent of incenses emanating from the Kankre Bihar and other temples sends a message of peace, harmony, tolerance, and goodwill. All of these criteria indicate that Surkhet might be a good tourism destination. This area is abundant in vegetation and fauna. Almost all of the 6 Rhododendron species, more than 123 bird species, around 60 animal species, and numerous orchid species can be found. Leopard, Bear, Deer, and Wild Dog are among the many species of wild animals found here.

The Study's Objectives 

The study's major goal is to determine the potential of Surkhet district's tourism products. 

The following are the precise goals: 

1. To assess the tourism development potential in the district. 

2. To find a possible product that can help the tourism industry grow.

Methodology 

The data and information used in the study came from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data came from a Key Informant Survey and Observations, which were conducted with the help of a standardized questionnaire and an observation sheet. The tourists were invited to fill out 100 questionnaires. Information can also be gathered through the use of a structured interview method, which is performed through the creation of a questionnaire. Hotel management, tourists, and local officials were among the key informants interviewed. The study was observed in order to gain access to the many stages of tourist growth; the benefit of this method is that it provides a quick and vivid picture of the situation. The checklist is utilized to achieve the goal. Secondary sources also contributed to the data collection. The information was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, journals, and public and unpublished records.

Conclusion 

The tourism business is a rapidly expanding economic, social, and cultural phenomena. Tourism has also been referred to as a means of development in recent times. Surkhet district is a fertile land for tourism destinations. It has a high potential as a tourist destination in all areas, including eco-tourism, religious, cultural, recreational, agricultural, adventure, and health tourism. The area relies heavily on massive products to promote tourism. These are cultural and natural heritages that represent the tourism destination. Anthropology of tourism is a method of tourism that involves both the hosts and the visitors.

The study focuses on the Gurung, Tharu, and Bote people's indigenous culture. The distinctive and rich cultural history of the Tharu and Gurung can be used as a primary source of tourism products in this district. As a result, the study can be regarded as anthropological tourism's norms, values, and principles, as well as a source of natural and archeological products. The Surkhet district is known for its panoramic natural beauty. The area is known for its many eco-regions as well as its rich cultural and natural history, which draw visitors to the area.