Invention: Exercises 8 and 9 from Pages 47-48

Pages 47-48

Exercise 8

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the following as thesis statements.

1. My instructor has an attendance policy.

2. My instructor should change her attendance policy because it is bad.

3. My instructor should change her attendance policy because it is unreasonable, inflexible, and unfair.

4. For many people, a community college makes more sense than a four year college or university.

5. Some children show violent behavior.

6. Violence is a problem in our society.

7. Conflict-resolution courses should be taught to help prevent violence in America’s schools.

8. Social networking sites such as Facebook can cause problems.

9. Facebook attracts many college students.

10. College students should be careful of what material they put on their Facebook pages because prospective employers routinely check them.

Answer

1 My instructor has an attendance policy.

• Strength: States a fact.
• Weakness: Not argumentative or specific; fails to provide a stance or direction.
• Recommendation: Revise to include an evaluative or argumentative claim about the policy.

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2. My instructor should change her attendance policy because it is bad.

• Strength: Takes a position.
• Weakness: Vague and subjective; lacks reasons or evidence to support the claim.
• Recommendation: Specify why the policy is "bad" and provide concrete reasons.

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3. My instructor should change her attendance policy because it is unreasonable, inflexible, and unfair.

• Strength: Clear position and provides specific criticisms of the policy.
• Weakness: Lacks detailed explanation or evidence supporting the criticisms.
• Recommendation: Elaborate on why the policy is unreasonable, inflexible, and unfair.

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4. For many people, a community college makes more sense than a four-year college or university.

• Strength: Provides an evaluative claim that could be argued.
• Weakness: Too general; lacks specifics about why community college makes more sense.
• Recommendation: Specify reasons, such as cost, flexibility, or career-focused programs.

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5. Some children show violent behavior.

• Strength: States a fact.
• Weakness: Not argumentative or specific; lacks a clear stance.
• Recommendation: Turn into an argumentative claim, such as examining causes or solutions for violent behavior.

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6. Violence is a problem in our society.

• Strength: States a claim that most would agree with.
• Weakness: Too broad and lacks focus; doesn’t suggest a specific direction for discussion.
• Recommendation: Narrow the scope to a specific aspect of violence, such as its causes, consequences, or solutions.

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7. Conflict-resolution courses should be taught to help prevent violence in America’s schools.

• Strength: Specific, clear, and proposes a solution.
• Weakness: Could benefit from elaboration on why conflict-resolution courses are effective.
• Recommendation: Support the claim with examples or evidence showing the success of such programs.

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8. Social networking sites such as Facebook can cause problems.

• Strength: Acknowledges an issue.
• Weakness: Too vague and lacks specific examples or explanation of "problems."
• Recommendation: Specify the type of problems, such as privacy concerns, addiction, or social alienation.

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9. Facebook attracts many college students.

• Strength: States a fact.
• Weakness: Not argumentative or specific; doesn’t provide a claim to debate or analyze.
• Recommendation: Turn into a claim about Facebook’s impact on college students or its appeal.

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10. College students should be careful of what material they put on their Facebook pages because prospective employers routinely check them.

• Strength: Clear, specific, and provides a directive based on a valid concern.
• Weakness: Could benefit from evidence or examples to strengthen the claim.
• Recommendation: Support with statistics or anecdotes showing how social media posts have affected job prospects.

 

 

 

Page 48

Exercise 9

Rewrite the following factual statements to make them effective thesis statements. Make sure each thesis statement is a clearly and specifically worded sentence.

1. Many hospitals will not admit patients without health insurance because they are afraid that such patients will not be able to pay their bills.

2. Several Supreme Court decisions have said that art containing explicit sexual images is not necessarily pornographic.

3. Many women earn less money than men do, in part because they drop out of the workforce during their child-rearing years.

4. People who watch more than five hours of television a day tend to think the world is more violent than do people who watch less than two hours

of television daily.

5. In recent years, the suicide rate among teenagers — especially middle- and upper-middle-class teenagers — has risen dramatically.

 

Answer

1 Hospitals should revise their admission policies to prioritize healthcare access for all patients, regardless of insurance status, as current practices unfairly exclude those unable to pay.

 

2 Supreme Court rulings affirm that art with explicit sexual imagery should be judged on its artistic and social value, challenging the assumption that such content is inherently pornographic.

 

3 The persistent wage gap between men and women can be attributed to systemic inequalities, including the impact of child-rearing responsibilities on women's career progression.

 

4 Excessive television consumption fosters a distorted perception of violence, with heavy viewers perceiving the world as more dangerous than those with minimal viewing habits.

 

5 The alarming rise in teenage suicide rates, particularly among middle- and upper-middle-class adolescents, highlights the urgent need for mental health awareness and intervention strategies.

Borangkhola Bazar: A Historical and Cultural Hub in Eastern Lamjung

Borangkhola Bazar, located in ward no. 1 of Rainas Municipality in eastern Lamjung, Gandaki Province, is a significant local market that holds a prominent place in the history and development of the region. Once known as Dhaple Bhatti or Dhulpure, this market is not only a commercial hub but also a cultural cornerstone of the area. Set against a backdrop of scenic rivers and hills, Borangkhola Bazar has evolved from a small, rural market into a thriving center of commerce and social activity. The bazaar, sitting at about 700 meters above sea level, is more than just a marketplace—it reflects the enduring spirit of the community and the history of the people who have lived there for generations.

Geographic and Historical Background

Borangkhola Bazar lies at a geographically strategic location, bordered to the north by the Borangkhola stream and to the east by the Chepe River, also known as Champawati River. The Chepe River is not only a natural boundary but also a historical and sacred river, revered by the local population. The bazaar’s proximity to these water sources has made it a natural spot for settlement and trade, attracting both local residents and travelers.

This market has long been a key stop for people traveling to and from Bichaur (Dudhapokhari Rural Municipality), with Borangkhola Bazar serving as a transit point. It has grown over the years into a bustling marketplace that serves the needs of the surrounding communities, providing a wide range of goods and services.

The Founders of Borangkhola Bazar

The roots of Borangkhola Bazar trace back to its earliest settlers, who laid the foundation for its growth. The first known dwellers were Jhanak Man Shrestha, Harka Man Shrestha, and Kali Bahadur Gurung. These individuals played a crucial role in establishing the market’s commercial and social structure. Jhanak Man Shrestha opened the first cloth shop in 2017 BS (1960 AD), creating a gateway for the trade of textiles in the area. Harka Man Shrestha followed closely behind, setting up a grocery shop to meet the daily needs of the locals. Meanwhile, Kali Bahadur Gurung, along with another early settler known as Dhaple Budha (commonly referred to as Dhaple Gurung), established the first local hotel, catering to travelers and traders passing through the region.

These pioneers set the stage for the growth of Borangkhola Bazar, not only by establishing businesses but also by fostering a sense of community and economic collaboration. Over time, more settlers arrived, and the market expanded, attracting a variety of traders and entrepreneurs who contributed to its commercial diversity.

Economic and Social Hub

Today, Borangkhola Bazar has developed into a vibrant marketplace that offers a wide array of services and products to the surrounding villages. Some of the most prominent shops and businesses in the market include:

• Kedar Shrestha's Shop: A combination of a cloth store, fancy goods, and grocery items. This shop is a one-stop destination for locals who need daily essentials and fashion accessories.

• Madan Raj Neupane's Utensil Shop: Specializing in kitchen utensils and other household accessories, this shop provides essential items for local households, reflecting the practical needs of the community.

• Bishwo Neupane's Mart: A general store that offers a variety of products, catering to the growing demand for a more modernized shopping experience in the area.

• Matrika Neupane’s Restaurant and Hotel: A popular spot for travelers and locals alike, Matrika Neupane’s establishment offers both dining and lodging services.

• Jivan Neupane and Samba Gurung’s Restaurants: These restaurants contribute to the bustling food scene in the bazaar, providing traditional meals for market-goers and visitors.

The majority of households in Borangkhola Bazar are engaged in the hotel and restaurant business, a reflection of the market’s role as a transit point and social gathering space. These establishments cater not only to the local population but also to travelers who pass through on their way to other parts of Lamjung.

Community and Culture

Borangkhola Bazar is not just a marketplace but a central meeting place for the community. Market days are a time when villagers from the surrounding areas come together to trade, socialize, and catch up on local news. The bazaar serves as a stage for local festivals and events, such as the Ropain Jatra, which is a traditional celebration related to rice planting. During these festivals, the bazaar becomes a lively center of cultural expression, with music, dance, and food bringing people together.

Sports are also an integral part of life in Borangkhola Bazar. A football ground is currently being constructed by the local youth, providing a space for recreation and community bonding. Volleyball is another popular sport in the area, with local tournaments frequently held to encourage participation and foster a sense of camaraderie among the youth.

The presence of the Ward Office of Rainas Ward No. 1 has further solidified the bazaar’s importance as an administrative center. Additionally, plans to establish a Nepal Police Post in the area will enhance security and may pave the way for further economic growth, including the establishment of banking institutions, which are currently absent except for a cooperative.

Challenges and Prospects

Despite its rich history and cultural importance, Borangkhola Bazar faces several challenges that threaten its long-term development. One of the primary issues is the lack of modern infrastructure, particularly in terms of banking services. At present, there are no banking offices in the market, which limits the financial opportunities for both traders and consumers. The establishment of a Nepal Police Post, however, is expected to bring a sense of security, and there is hope that banking institutions will soon follow.

Another challenge is the market’s reliance on traditional forms of business. While the bazaar’s charm lies in its local character, there is a need for modernization to keep up with the changing demands of consumers. The construction of new roads and better transportation links to nearby towns could help stimulate economic growth, making it easier for traders to access larger markets.

On the positive side, Borangkhola Bazar has strong community support, which is evident in the cooperative spirit that drives local initiatives such as the construction of sports grounds and the organization of cultural festivals. The bazaar also has the potential to become a more significant tourist destination due to its proximity to the Chepe River and other natural attractions in the region.

Conclusion

Borangkhola Bazar stands as a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the people of eastern Lamjung. From its humble beginnings as a small, rural market, it has grown into a thriving hub of commerce, culture, and community. The market’s rich history, rooted in the efforts of its early settlers, is preserved in the shops and businesses that line its streets today. While challenges remain, the bazaar’s importance as a center for trade and social life is undeniable.

As Borangkhola Bazar continues to evolve, it will be critical to balance modernization with the preservation of its cultural heritage. With the support of local initiatives and the prospect of improved infrastructure, the market is poised to remain a central pillar of life in eastern Lamjung for generations to come.

Types of Essay

Types of Essay: Purpose, Characteristics & Example

Essays come in many forms, each with a unique purpose and style. Here are some of the most common types:

1. Narrative Essay

• Purpose: To tell a story or narrate an event.
• Characteristics: Often personal, includes characters, plot, and setting. It is written in the first person, and the story often leads to a lesson or insight.
• Example: Writing about your first day at school or a memorable vacation.

2. Descriptive Essay

• Purpose: To describe something in detail, whether it’s an object, place, person, or experience.
• Characteristics: Focuses on vivid sensory details to paint a picture in the reader’s mind. Uses figurative language like metaphors and similes.
• Example: Describing a beautiful beach or a person’s face.

3. Expository Essay

• Purpose: To explain a topic or provide information in a clear, straightforward manner.
• Characteristics: Based on facts, without opinions. Requires research and provides analysis, examples, and evidence to explain a topic.
• Example: Explaining how a solar panel works or the steps to solve a math problem.

4. Persuasive/Argumentative Essay

• Purpose: To convince the reader to adopt a specific point of view or take a particular action.
• Characteristics: Presents a strong argument supported by facts, statistics, and logical reasoning. Includes counterarguments to show a balanced view but ultimately supports one side.
• Example: Arguing for or against school uniforms or the death penalty.

5. Compare and Contrast Essay

• Purpose: To analyze the similarities and differences between two subjects.
• Characteristics: Can be organized by subject or by individual points of comparison. It provides an objective analysis of the similarities and differences.
• Example: Comparing online education to traditional classroom learning.

6. Cause and Effect Essay

• Purpose: To analyze the causes of an event and the resulting effects.
• Characteristics: Explores either the causes, the effects, or both. It requires logical analysis and clear explanations of the relationships between events.
• Example: Discussing the causes and effects of climate change or the impact of social media on communication.

7. Analytical Essay

• Purpose: To break down a concept, text, or idea into its components and analyze how they work together.
• Characteristics: Involves examining things like themes, structure, symbolism, or arguments. Often used in literary or rhetorical analysis.
• Example: Analyzing the symbolism in a novel or the persuasive techniques in a speech.

8. Reflective Essay

• Purpose: To reflect on personal experiences and how they impacted you.
• Characteristics: Written in the first person, it explores emotions, lessons learned, and changes in perspective.
• Example: Reflecting on a difficult decision you made or how a book changed your outlook on life.

9. Critical Essay

• Purpose: To critique or evaluate a work of art, literature, or a performance.
• Characteristics: Offers an informed opinion supported by analysis, evidence, and reasoning.
• Example: Critiquing a movie, novel, or painting.

10. Definition Essay

• Purpose: To provide a comprehensive definition of a term or concept.
• Characteristics: Goes beyond a simple dictionary definition by discussing the term’s deeper meaning, connotations, and significance.
• Example: Defining "love," "success," or "freedom" in a philosophical or cultural context.

These types of essays serve different purposes depending on the subject and the writer's objective

How to Write Literature Review

 Literature Review Steps

Click the given link

How to Write Literature Review

A literature review in a thesis serves multiple purposes. It provides an overview of existing research in your field, identifies gaps in the literature, and positions your work within the broader academic context. Here’s how to write an effective literature review, with examples, citations, and a narrative structure:

1. Define the Scope of the Review

Before starting, define the scope. Determine the themes, topics, or specific research questions you want to focus on. This will guide what literature to include.

Example: For a thesis on "The Impact of Social Media on Youth Mental Health," the literature review may focus on:

• Theoretical frameworks of social media usage
• Previous studies on social media and mental health
• Gaps in existing research, such as limited data on long-term impacts

2. Organize the Review Thematically

Group studies according to common themes, methodologies, or theories. Avoid summarizing each study separately. Instead, synthesize the findings.

Example:

Theories of Social Media and Mental Health: One major theme is the debate around social media's psychological impact. Several studies emphasize the potential for platforms to create a sense of community (Ellison et al., 2007), but others warn about increased anxiety due to social comparison (Vogel et al., 2014).

Studies on Youth Mental Health and Social Media: Research shows mixed findings. Valkenburg and Peter (2009) suggest that social media can improve social skills, while more recent studies highlight rising rates of depression among adolescents (Twenge et al., 2018). Despite these trends, there is a lack of longitudinal studies assessing long-term consequences.

3. Critically Analyze the Literature

Don’t just summarize; evaluate the quality of the studies, identify contradictions, and assess the reliability of the evidence.

Example:

While Ellison et al. (2007) argue that social media fosters community building, their sample was limited to college students, which may not reflect broader trends. Furthermore, Twenge et al.'s (2018) study, which links social media to depression, has been criticized for not adequately accounting for confounding variables like socioeconomic status (O'Keeffe, 2020).

4. Identify Gaps in the Literature

Explain what has been overlooked or understudied, setting up your own research as addressing these gaps.

Example:

Although several studies have explored short-term effects of social media on mental health, few have investigated the long-term implications. This thesis aims to fill this gap by conducting a longitudinal study on the psychological impact of social media use over five years.

5. Use Citations Properly

When reviewing the literature, cite all sources according to your institution’s required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.). Here's an APA example:

APA Citation Example:

Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Social consequences of the Internet for adolescents: A decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01595.x

6. Maintain a Coherent Narrative

Your review should flow logically, leading the reader from one point to another, while building a case for why your study is necessary. Use transitions between sections and ensure there’s a clear argument being developed.

Example of Narrative Flow:

"While early research by Ellison et al. (2007) celebrated the positive role of social media in enhancing social connectivity, more recent work by Twenge et al. (2018) presents a starkly different picture, linking increased usage with rising levels of depression. This dichotomy reveals a crucial gap in understanding the full impact of social media, particularly over time, as few longitudinal studies exist. This thesis, therefore, seeks to address this oversight by examining long-term trends in youth mental health in the context of social media use."

7. Conclude by Summarizing the Importance of Your Study

Finally, summarize how your research will build on or diverge from the existing literature. Highlight the contribution your thesis will make to the field.

Example:

"This review has demonstrated that while significant work has been done on the immediate effects of social media, there is a notable absence of research focusing on long-term mental health outcomes. By addressing this gap, this thesis will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how prolonged social media exposure impacts youth psychological well-being."

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Summary Checklist:

1. Introduction: Define scope and objectives.
2. Thematic Organization: Group by themes, not just studies.
3. Critical Analysis: Evaluate quality and methodology.
4. Gaps in the Literature: Highlight what’s missing.
5. Citations: Follow citation style consistently.
6. Coherent Narrative: Develop a flowing argument.
7. Conclusion: Link the literature to your research.

 Artificial Intelligence, Sustainability, and Innovation at the Crossroads of Modern Industries

The rapid advancement of technology and increasing concern for sustainability mark the 21st century. Today, industries all over the world are facing colossal challenges regarding economic instability, shifting climatic conditions, and rapidly changing consumer demands; artificial intelligence has been used in the modern era as a strong tool to aid industries through these complexities. AI is creating a whole new wave in several industries, ranging from healthcare and finance to education and entertainment, by really digging into Big Data with analytics that can predict trends and optimization in real time. Besides, the effort towards sustainability is also no longer a peripheral concern, but a key driver for innovation. The coming of age of AI and sustainability has given rise to a whole new era wherein technology marries eco-friendliness to forge a future that places ESG factors at the forefront.

In this essay, we attempt to engage with the deep repercussions of AI as it vests modern industries, more so in the perspective of sustainable business integration. By considering the impact that AI is having on healthcare, education, supply chain management, entertainment, and environmental conservation, we shall reveal how it is gaining so much more in driving innovation but also towards a far more sustainable and equitable world. This analysis takes into consideration all the advantages of using AI, besides the challenges pertaining to problems with data privacy, bias in processing, and ethical use of the emerging technologies.

Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare: Revolutionizing Diagnostics and Treatment

It is among the many other fields that have been most affected by AI. The integration of AI-driven tools, such as machine learning algorithms, into disease diagnosis has gone a long way in raising the level of accuracy and efficiency within the last couple of years. AI systems can analyze all forms of medical data-from histories of patients to complex medical imaging-at speeds well beyond human capabilities. This is particularly crucial in diagnosing life-threatening conditions such as cancer, where early detection can drastically improve outcomes.

Probably the most famous recent use of AI in health is that part of radiology where AI algorithms scan medical images, such as X-rays and MRIs, looking for signs of abnormalities associated with diseases. Indeed, many of these systems have tended to perform just as well, if not better, than human radiologists. With this ability to analyze millions of images in a very short time, AI can give diagnostic suggestions without human fatigue or oversight. Additionally, AI has been of great significance in precision medicine, in that it analyzes the genetic data and environmental ones for the customization of treatment to individual patients for better outcomes.

The introduction of AI into healthcare brings along significant ethical issues. Among the significant concerns, data privacy is on top of the list. With sensitive patient data being analyzed by AI systems, leakage or misuse of this information is also a real threat. In addition, as these technologies are being developed, concerns about biased AI have started to rise. There will be biased results toward one group over another if the data that is used to train AI systems doesn't represent diversity. Hence, though AI has immense possibilities in health, it will have to be adopted responsibly with strict regulations to ensure that patient data will not be compromised and equity is protected.

The Role of AI in Education: Personalizing Learning Experiences

Other emerging sectors where AI is starting to make its presence felt strongly is in education. During COVID-19, edtech platforms suddenly rose and completely changed the way in which students interact with learning. AI can enable personalized learning experiences by providing curated learning resources uniquely fitted to specific learning needs and styles of individual students. Educators use AI to determine the weak points of students, allowing them to align the curriculum to their needs in real time and provide support where necessary. Such flexibility can be very useful when the classes are large and teachers themselves cannot afford much time for each student.

Adaptive learning platforms could become the most promising area for AI-driven education. The analytics in those platforms monitor student performance and offer resources or practice to help students master challenging material. By identifying patterns in student performance, AI predicts when a student is likely to struggle and then intervenes before a student falls behind. This proactive approach can help reduce dropout rates, improve educational outcomes, and hence increase the student population, especially in under-resourced communities that lack support services through traditional tutoring methods.

On the other hand, debates about inclusivity and the digital divide have also arisen due to increased use of AI in education. Not all students are privileged to have the required devices or high-speed internet which can easily access AI-powered learning platforms. Added to these are a set of concerns around the commodification of education and the volume of data being collected on students by large technology companies. How AI in education will be used to enhance equity and not deepen disparities will be a factor in long-term success.

AI and Sustainability: Supply Chain Optimisation and Emission Reduction

With increasing pressure from both consumers and governments to engage in business sustainably, AI has become an important tool in encouraging sustainability. Among the major uses of AI in this line is the employment it finds in bringing the supply chain management into more efficient use, with the aim of lowering down waste, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. Using big data emanating from the different supply points, AI identifies areas of inefficiency and uses the information to suggest improvements. This ranges from the more accurate demand forecast to the reduction of energy used within different production and transportation processes.

Artificial intelligence-driven technologies are also being applied to track in real time the use of resources. A good example of this would be smart sensors implanted into manufacturing plants, which can monitor energy and water usage and can therefore warn managers against under-efficient usage of resources. AI systems in agriculture can monitor soil conditions and the state of the weather for better irrigation and fertilization, hence reducing the environmental impact brought forth by farming. Such innovations also fit within the broader trend toward ESG standards, a trend in which companies are held accountable for their impacts on the natural environment and the social world.

While AI has huge potential to help with sustainability, there are some clear limitations. Developing and deploying AI systems themselves is a major computationally intensive task that might result in high energy consumption. Thus, while AI is increasingly used to foster sustainability, one should not forget the carbon footprint from the technology itself. Critical will be the ensuring that AI development in itself is really sustainable, such as by powering data centers with renewable energy sources, for meeting very environmental objectives to which AI is supposed to contribute.

AI in Entertainment: The Future of Immersive Experience

Artificial Intelligence, especially with the coming of VR and AR technologies, has taken the world of entertainment to an entirely new dimension. These immersive experiences are finding their applications increasingly in various forms in gaming, cinema, and interactive storytelling, thus offering audiences more personalized and engaging content. Realistic environments, characters, and storytelling-driving forces behind these truly interactive experiences-are created with AI, which adapts itself in real time based on user input.

AI is also working backstage to personalize content recommendations on Netflix, YouTube, Spotify, and every other imaginable streaming service. These systems study user behavior-how much of a certain video a user has watched or how long they've listened to a particular genre of music-and recommend more content that matches the unique tastes of that user. It makes for a more personal experience that's also, well, deeper; folks tend to stay longer with services that intuitively know what they like.

The future might really prove to be more innovative applications of AI in entertainment, including AI-generated content. Over the last years, AI has been composing music, writing scripts, and even editing films. As long as human creativity is at the root of any artistic work, AI will also be on track to becoming more important in shaping the view of the entertainment landscape. This brings in questions about the authenticity of machine-generated art and what that means for human creativity within a context where machines can also create apparently original works.

Environmental Conservation and AI: A Partnership for the Planet

But beyond industry, AI is proving a powerfully allied force in efforts both to combat climate change and to advance the cause of environmental conservation. Perhaps one of the most exciting uses of AI in this area is its application in the monitoring and protection of endangered species. Through the analysis of data from satellites, drones, and ground sensors, AI can track animal movements in real time-a profundity of a tool for conservationists in trying to prevent poaching and understand ecosystem health.

Besides protecting wildlife, AI is used in modeling and predicting impacts arising from climate change. For example, using AI systems can analyze data of the results of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and rising sea levels to project conditions into the future. This information becomes of critical importance to policymakers in developing strategies that will mitigate climate change and protect vulnerable communities.

The AI-powered technologies are also used within the renewable energy system. It can enhance the efficiency of the production of renewable energy by optimizing the operation of wind turbines and solar panels, which results in reduced dependence on fossil fuel energy. From here, it can be shown that AI is capable of becoming a potent and powerful force for good in fighting against climate change.

Conclusion: AI for Sustainable Innovation

The juncture of AI, innovation, and sustainability will continue to shape the future both of industries and of the planet in the 21st century. With its unprecedented ability to analyze data, predict trends, and optimize systems in real time, AI is fast emerging as a valuable ally in attempts to solve some of the most intractable problems of our times. From health and education, where AI has already brought transformation, to sustainable business and addressing climate change, AI is proving indispensible.

But like any powerful technology, AI must also be deployed responsibly. Data privacy, bias, and other ethical concerns of automation hence need to be duly considered. Indeed, only by making sure that AI is developed and put to use with these concerns in mind can the potential of AI be harnessed for a more sustainable, equitable, and innovative future for one and all.

 Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Contemporary Industries

It has crept into almost every field of the modern world, from the healthcare industry to finance. AI has revolutionized the way businesses and organizations work. This AI, currently among the hot topics in the entire world, is expected to accelerate automation further, create smoother operations, and give more personalized experiences to consumers. Business applications now use machine learning algorithms to anticipate consumer behavior, analyze market trends, and even predict financial risks. Such developments raise important questions about the role of humans in industries that are becoming increasingly dependent on technology-and spur discussions about upskilling and the future of work.

Perhaps one of the largest domains of influence for AI has been in healthcare. Recent breakthroughs from AI-driven diagnosis to advanced diagnostics and treatment planning have increased accuracy manifold. Physicians now will have the power to analyze data points of patients in real time and make recommendations based on volumes of data at their fingertips. This trend continues to grow in areas like radiology, where an AI system is far faster and more precise in identifying anomalies in medical imaging than the human brain could ever be. But the unknown dark side of these technologies is that ethical issues relating to data privacy and possible bias in AI systems have to be judiciously considered to prevent misuse.

In education, AI is getting better with each passing day. With the rise in edtech platforms, conventional learning spaces have slowly transformed to include personalized learning experiences powered by AI algorithms. These platforms therefore witnessed an overnight surge in their popularity during the shift to online modes of education due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thus making it possible for students to access resources that could cater better to their individual learning needs. Not less important are AI-based tutoring systems while gaps in knowledge are bridged, making learning adaptive. On the other hand, as more and more technology is integrated into learning, there arises a debate over accessibility-not all students have equal access to devices and internet connections that allow and support this modernized way of learning.

In business, one of the top priorities is sustainability. With pressure from governments and consumers alike, AI has been used to monitor energy consumption, control the resource pool, and reduce overall wastage. Companies are using AI to make supply chains more efficient, hence reducing emissions and encouraging better production standards. This sits well with the global trend for ESG standards that focus on business ethics. AI is able to analyze complex environmental data and create actionable insights-a potential tool in the fight against climate change.

The AI-driven change has also been enormous in the entertainment industry, regarding virtual and augmented reality. All the way from immersed gaming to new dimensions in interactive storytelling, AI algorithms will contribute to the creation of more realistic environments, personalized content recommendations, and even new forms of entertainment, such as AI music composition or film editing. It is true that the future of entertainment might be a mix of human creativity and AI-enabled innovations that offer experiences not only more engaging but also highly customized to individual tastes than ever before.

Compulsory English - Question Set 1- BA First Year 2081

Compulsory English BA  First Year      2081

 Baneshwor Multiple Campus

Shantinagar, Kathmandu

Pre- Board Exam 2081

Year: First                                                                                                       Full Marks: 70   

Subject: Compulsory English                                                                         Pass Marks: 28

Level; BA                                                                                                       Time: 3 hours

           

 

Candidates are required to answer the questions in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Section “A”: (Long Answer Questions)                                                                  2x15=30

Answer any TWO questions, but Question 2 is compulsory.

1. Write an essay discussing the impact of technology on modern education. Focus on both the positive and negative aspects, and analyze how technological advancements have transformed teaching methods, student learning experiences, and educational outcomes. Use examples from scholarly articles or case studies to support your argument.

 

2. Apply the four levels of reading to Franz Kafka’s story "Before the Law" provided below.

Before the Law sits a gatekeeper. To this gatekeeper comes a man from the country who asks to gain entry to the Law. But the gatekeeper says that he cannot grant him entry at the moment. The man thinks about it and then asks if he will be allowed to enter later on. "It is possible," says the gatekeeper, "but not now." Since the gate to the Law stands open as usual and the gatekeeper steps to one side, the man bends down to peer through the gate into the inside. When the gatekeeper sees that, he laughs and says, "If it tempts you so much, try it in spite of my prohibition. But take note: I am powerful. And I am only the least of the gatekeepers. From hall to hall, keepers stand at every door, one more powerful than the other. I cannot endure even one glimpse of the third."

The man from the country has not expected such difficulties: the Law, he thinks, should be accessible to everyone and at all times. But as he now looks more closely at the gatekeeper in his fur coat, with his big, sharp nose and long, thin, black Tartar beard, he decides that he had better wait until he gets permission to enter. The gatekeeper gives him a stool and allows him to sit down at the side of the door. There he sits for days and years. He makes many attempts to be let in and wearies the gatekeeper with his requests. The gatekeeper often interrogates him briefly, questioning him about his home and many other things, but they are indifferent questions, such as great lords put, and in the end he always tells him once more that he cannot let him in yet.

The man, who has equipped himself with many things for his journey, spends all he has, however valuable, to bribe the gatekeeper. The latter takes it all but, as he does so, says, "I am taking this only so that you do not think you have omitted anything." During the many years, the man observes the gatekeeper almost continuously. He forgets the other gatekeepers, and this one seems to him the only obstacle for entry to the Law. He curses his bad luck, in his early years boldly and loudly; later, as he grows old, he only grumbles to himself. He becomes childish, and since in his prolonged study of the gatekeeper he has also come to know the fleas in his fur collar, he begs the very fleas to help him and to change the gatekeeper's mind.

Finally, his eyesight grows weak, and he does not know whether it is really getting darker around him or whether his eyes are only deceiving him. But he recognizes now in the darkness an illumination which breaks inextinguishably out of the gateway to the Law. Now he has not very long to live. Before he dies, all his experiences of the whole time gather themselves in his head to one point, a question which he has not yet asked the gatekeeper. He beckons to him, since he can no longer lift up his stiffening body. The gatekeeper has to bend down to him, for the great difference in size between them has altered very much to the man's disadvantage. "What do you still want to know, then?" asks the gatekeeper; "you are insatiable." "Everyone strives after the Law," says the man, "so how is it that in these many years no one except me has requested entry?" The gatekeeper sees that the man is nearing his end, and, to let his failing senses catch the words, he roars in his ear: "No one else could ever be admitted here, since this gate was made only for you. I am now going to shut it."

3. With suitable examples, discuss how a student-writer can improve the following aspects of their writing:

a. Clarity of expression
b. Logical organization of ideas
c. Consistent tone
d. Grammar and syntax

Section B: Short Questions (04 x 10 = 40 Marks)

Answer any FOUR questions, but Question 5 is compulsory.

4. Make notes of the following passage by using headings and sub-headings.

The integration of technology in education has seen a remarkable evolution over the years. Initially, technology in education was limited to basic tools such as chalkboards and overhead projectors. The introduction of personal computers in the 1980s marked a significant shift, providing students and teachers with new ways to access information and complete assignments. With the advent of the internet in the 1990s, educational resources became more widely available, leading to the development of online courses and digital libraries.

In the 2000s, interactive whiteboards and educational software transformed classrooms into dynamic learning environments. Students could engage with multimedia content, enhancing their understanding of complex concepts. The rise of mobile devices and tablets further revolutionized education, allowing for personalized learning experiences and greater flexibility.

Today, technology in education encompasses virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. These advancements offer immersive learning experiences and adaptive learning platforms that cater to individual student needs. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential for educators to stay informed and integrate these tools effectively to enhance the learning process.

5. Read the following passage and answer the questions given under it.

The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century revolutionized the way information was disseminated and consumed. Before the printing press, books were copied by hand, a laborious and time-consuming process that limited the number of books available and made them expensive. Gutenberg’s invention allowed for the mass production of books, making them more accessible and affordable to a wider audience.

The printing press played a crucial role in the spread of knowledge during the Renaissance. It enabled the rapid distribution of new ideas and scientific discoveries, contributing to the advancement of various fields. The Reformation, a significant religious movement, also benefited from the printing press, as Martin Luther’s writings could be widely distributed, challenging the Catholic Church's authority and promoting religious reform.

The impact of the printing press extended beyond Europe. It facilitated the spread of literacy and education, transforming societies and cultures worldwide. Today, the legacy of the printing press is evident in the modern printing and publishing industries, which continue to evolve with digital technology.

a. Summarize the main idea of the passage.

b. What were the limitations of book production before the printing press?

c. How did the printing press contribute to the spread of knowledge during the Renaissance?

d. Explain the role of the printing press in the Reformation.

e. What is the legacy of the printing press in today's world?

6. Answer the following questions briefly and to the point.

a.     What, according to Tabarrok in "The Meat Market", is “the great paradox of deceased donation”? Why is this paradox significant?

b.    Do you think Brady really wants the kind of wife she describes? Explain your response. [I Want A Wife]

c.     Is Halperin’s essay [No Pay? Many Interns say 'No Problem'] structured inductively or deductively? Explain.

7.      Describe a place that has played an important role in your life. Include a narrative passage that conveys the place’s significance to you.

8. Give the meanings of any FIVE of the following words and then use each of them in sentences of your own (in the same sense of meaning you have given).

Radical,      Laden,     Trigeminal,    Bloated,      Circumvent,     Construe,    Surcharge

 

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