Live and Dead Metaphors

Live and Dead Metaphors

Chapter 3

Style

BBS 1st Year 

Exercises

3.1 Find out the context, basis of comparison and context of contradictions in the following conventional ('dead') metaphors.

a)   Singing star                                     b)   Delivering the curriculum

c)   Salt cellar                                        d)   Mole (kind of spy)    

Answer  

a.     Singing star

Singing star is related to art, which points out the quality and successful personality in singing opposite to the failure one. This also means to denote a reputed person and shining personality in singing songs who has reach the level of in comparability.

Delivering the curriculum

The given conventional metaphor is related to academic sector. The team of faculty has designed and formulated the course to be launched which is contrasted in the context of delivery a child by woman or delivering goods from market. Indirectly, by delivering knowledge, all academics are run.

Salt cellar

This metaphor is related to the field of architecture. It points out quality space and location. There is contradiction between upper-ground and advanced apartment versus underground storage.

Mole (kind of spy)

The term is related to criminal origin. It indicates the brand of a criminality or misuse of mind. It is contradictory showing the scar on human face versus human involved in criminal activities or an underground agent.

3.2

Answer

A stormy character

This indicates brave, aggressive or violent personality and bold hearted person.

Waves of emotion

The person with this quality is full of kindness, generosity in human relation. It also points out the situation where someone is driven by excessive emotions or ripple of sensation.

A hail of invective

It is the remarks used while making bitter comment. It is normally offensive, situation chill some expression made someone. It is also indicated by barrage of criticism.

A sunny disposition

This is context of zealful or cheerful mood of a person. It can be used when we have to point out a graceful face or dazzling temperament.

A whirlwind romance

It is state full of romance. It is also very funny and wild environment or a twister romance.

Exercise

3.1 Find out the context, basis of comparison and context of contradictions in the following conventional ('dead') metaphors.

a)   Singing star                                     b)   Delivering the curriculum

c)   Salt cellar                                        d)   Mole (kind of spy)    

Answer  

a.     Singing star

Singing star is related to art, which points out the quality and successful personality in singing opposite to the failure one. This also means to denote a reputed person and shining personality in singing songs who has reach the level of in comparability.

Delivering the curriculum

The given conventional metaphor is related to academic sector. The team of faculty has designed and formulated the course to be launched which is contrasted in the context of delivery a child by woman or delivering goods from market. Indirectly, by delivering knowledge, all academics are run.

Salt cellar

This metaphor is related to the field of architecture. It points out quality space and location. There is contradiction between upper-ground and advanced apartment versus underground storage.

Mole (kind of spy)

The term is related to criminal origin. It indicates the brand of a criminality or misuse of mind. It is contradictory showing the scar on human face versus human involved in criminal activities or an underground agent.

3.2

Answer

A stormy character

This indicates brave, aggressive or violent personality and bold hearted person.

Waves of emotion

The person with this quality is full of kindness, generosity in human relation. It also points out the situation where someone is driven by excessive emotions or ripple of sensation.

A hail of invective

It is the remarks used while making bitter comment. It is normally offensive, situation chill some expression made someone. It is also indicated by barrage of criticism.

A sunny disposition

This is context of zealful or cheerful mood of a person. It can be used when we have to point out a graceful face or dazzling temperament.

A whirlwind romance

It is state full of romance. It is also very funny and wild environment or a twister romance.

School Bullying

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Someone is Stealing Your Life

Someone is Stealing Your Life

-Michael Ventura

“Someone is Stealing Your Life” is an essay, written by Michael Ventura. In this essay, the writer describes the exploitation, lack of freedom and the lack of authority that the most workers of the U.S.A. experience. The writer strongly advocates for the situation in which the workers are free to express their ideas, contribute in the decision making and get the finally atmosphere for working.

In this essay, the writer strongly advocates for the rights of working class people especially of the USA. The writer doesn’t mean that the workers should get equal profit and authority. However, he believes that the employers don’t have the rights to exploit or rub the like of the worker. At least, there must be the value of the workers contribution and his voice should be heard and included in decision making process.

Out of 52 weeks, a worker gets only two weeks paid holiday. In that sense, out of 6 years of servile, a worker gets only 12 weeks of his own. It is hardly 3 months. Similarly, it is a worker who stands for the company. In other words, workers are the life line of any company. But the tragically, the workers don’t have any decision making power. In a sense, they are just the puppet of their employers. They are almost treated as slaves.

According to the writer, the owner has taken the greatest risk of investing their money in the business. So obviously they must get a greater amount of profit. But the fact is that they must not exclude the workers from the authority. Truly speaking, the workers have every right to know about their company, their product and the decision which are being taken. However, it is the workers who are victimized mostly when the company is bankrupted by the wrong decision.

The writer of this essay seems to be making a radical statement that the workers should get some share in the company in which they work. His ideas are not beyond criticism however his main argument is that the workers should get friendly atmosphere for their work and their contribution or the price of their sweat must be paid. Besides, he also encourages the worker to work against the injustice and work for their betterment. He also challenges the employers if they expect their workers to be passive and dance according to their time; it would be their greatest error.

US Annual Economic Outlook 2019

Despite the turmoil, the global economy will continue to grow with low inflation in 2019

2018 has been a year of turmoil for financial markets with weakness in the bond markets and two significant sell-offs in equity markets. However, 2019 promises to be much calmer. After a very strong start in equity markets between November 2017 and the end of January 2018, there was a big sell-off from January to April, and another beginning in October and continuing through to December. In between there was a series of disturbances in emerging markets (EM) featuring crises in Venezuela, Argentina and Turkey. In addition to the long-running saga of the Brexit negotiations, the year featured a strong rise in the price of oil followed by a sudden collapse from early October, and disruptions created by President Trump’s repeated trade measures – targeted first at steel and aluminium, then at Europe and NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement), and ultimately focusing primarily on China. With numerous other geopolitical events adding to investors’ anxieties – such as wars and unrest in the Middle East, continuing immigration pressures in Europe and the US, the victory of populists over the establishment in Italy and the consequent budget disputes with the EU Commission in Brussels – there was plenty of reason for investors to pull back from risk-markets such as equities. However, the fundamental backdrop to all this was the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) policy of normalising US interest rates, raising them from 1.25% in early December 2017 to 2.25% a year later, and shrinking it balance sheet. Rising US rates always create a challenging environment for investors. After nearly a decade of virtually zero interest rates, the upturn in rates has put steadily increasing pressure on equity and other risk asset classes. Although some of these geopolitical events may prove to be temporarily damaging, it is my view that they will prove to be no more than waves on the surface of the tide which is the record-breaking expansion of the US business cycle. (Greenwood, 2019)

US monetary policy is becoming less accommodative, but the Fed is not “tightening”, only “normalising” policy. The current “normalisation” phase is analogous to the mid-course corrections in interest rates that occurred in 1994-95 and 2004-05. The important point about those episodes was that the business cycle continued to expand for several years after the completion of normalisation, and the equity and real estate markets also peaked considerably after these rate hikes were completed. At its meeting on 7-8 November the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) of the Fed kept the federal funds rate at 2.0-2.25%, having removed in September the wording in their previous statements that had asserted the “stance of monetary policy remains accommodative”. The median projection of FOMC members for the federal funds rate remained at 3.1% for 2019 (suggesting four rate hikes of 0.25% during 2019) and 3.4% for 2020, but with the recent sell-off on Wall Street and the plunge in the price of WTI oil to $51 the FOMC may defer raising rates at their meeting on 18-19 December.

Bibliography

Greenwood, J. (2019). Annual Economic Outlook 2019. Invesco.

Out of Courtesy Chapter 5 Write to be Read BBS First Year Write to be Read

Out of Courtesy

1.      Which of the three “basic ingredients” of courtesy makes the must sense to you?

Ans: The three basic ingredients are:

1.      A strong sense of justice

2.      Empathy

3.      The capacity to treat all people alike

4.      Every culture/ religion has its own golden rule that people try to live by. What is yours? How do people apply it?

Ans: The belief in the existence of a god or gods and the activities that are connected with the worship of them is called religion. Every religion has its own golden rules that people try to live by. My religion is Hindu which has also some golden rules that we find people try to live by.

Courtesy, politeness and good manners are the basic ingredients of our culture. We respect to our seniors and love to our juniors. We respect and welcome to our guests heartily since guests are supposed as gods. Parents and teachers are highly respected and supposed as gods. We think that our birth place is dearer than heaven. We help to the poor giving money or something. We don’t try to do bad or sinful works because we afraid of gods. There are many other golden rules in our culture.

Culture rules are transferred from one generation to another by following them. People apply the rules in their life and make their life valuable. Our rules have really made us practicable (capable or useful). People apply these rules by following them in their day-to-day life.

3.      Do you agree with Dr. Peale that our lives would be happier if we all had better manners? Explain.

Ans: Yes, I agree with Dr. Peale that our lives would be happier if we all had better manners. It is clear that a person can be happy when he/ she is politely and respectably behaved. Many things come under good manners. Respecting to seniors, loving to juniors, speaking politely, helping to the poor, not speaking false etc. are the examples of good manners. If we all have good manners, we will behave to others well and we shall be well behaved by others. When we behave to others with good manners, they are happy and we are also happy when we are behaved with good manners. In this way good manners bring happiness in the lives of everyone.

If we all have good manners, we shall not have negative attitudes and feelings. God manners will stop us to do any kinds of works and being cruel to others. Good manners will really create only positive attitudes in our mind. Good manners will also create the world of happiness and we will be the happy persons of that happy world but these all things are only possible when we all have good manners.

4.      Are there universal good manners? In other words, is there a core of good manners that polite people of all countries recognize? Or, are good manners different for each individual culture?

Ans: I cannot simply say that there are universal good manners. Manners mean the habits and customs of a particular group of people. Manners also refer the way that somebody behaves and speaks towards other people. Manners differ from culture to culture, religion to religion and country to country. We can see many examples that prove that there are not universal good manners. For example: Bride wears red clothes in marriage in Hindu religion which is supposed best but in Christianity, bride wears white dress. What a difference white dress suits for bride in Christianity while in Hindu religion a widow wears white dress.

Good manners are different rather than universal due to various cultural norms and values. The manner which is best in one culture, religion or country may be worst in another religion, culture or country. A hug or a kiss is supposed common in western culture but it is not accepted in our culture.

However, there are certain core good manners which people of all countries recognize. Such as to respect to the seniors, to love to the juniors, to welcome to the guests heartily, to speak politely, to respect and obey parents and teachers. In this way justice, politeness, empathy, honesty, faithful, to treat all people alike etc. are the core of good manners that polite people of all countries recognize.

5.      Writing Compound Sentences.

Form compound sentences by adding an independent clause (With a subject and verb).

a. Did they treat you courteously, or ……?

Ans: Did they treat you courteously, or were they rude to you?

b. The studens respect that teacher, for ……

Ans: The students respect that teacher, for she is always prepared for class.

c. I wanted to tell the truth, yet ……

Ans: I wanted to tell the truth, yet I was afraid of how you would react to it.

d. ……, so I told a white lie (untrue statement)

Ans: I was afraid of hurting my mother’s feeling, so I told a white lie.

e. ……, but I was suspicious of their motives.

Ans: They were eager to help me, but I was suspicious of their motives.

f. ……, and another is empathy.

Ans: Justice is one of the ingredient of good manners, and another is empathy.

g. ……, nor should you fail to return a person’s phone call.

Ans: To be polite in the USA, you shouldn’t fail to look at your interlocutor’s (person taking part in conversation with you) eyes, nor should you fail to return a person’s phone call.

h. ……, so their children will probably have very good manners.

Ans: My uncle and aunt have taught their children about good manners, so their children will probably have very good manners.

i. ……, for the thoughts in your mind determine the kind of person you are.

Ans: Be careful what you think of other people, for the thoughts in your mind determine the kind of person you are.

j. ……, nor is he very tactful.

Ans: He isn’t very thoughtful, nor is he very tactful.

6. Writing Complex Sentences.

Add an independent clause to each dependent clause to make a complex sentence.

a. …… even though John’s rude remark made me angry.

Ans: I didn’t react even though John’s rude remark made me angry.

b. …… since he lied to me last year.

Ans: I can’t trust Hari since he lied to me last year.

c. Whenever someone is rude to me, ……

Ans: Whenever someone is rude to me, I try not to be rude in return.

d. …… because he is considerate of others.

Ans: Hari gets along (to interact well) with people at work because he is considerate of others.

e. …… so that they will treat me courteously, too.

Ans: I always try to treat people courteously so that they will treat me courteously, too.

f. If a person’s bad manner bother you, ……

Ans: If a person’s bad manners bother you, it may be best just to tolerate the person’s bad manners.

g. Although I try to think in a courteous way, ……

Ans: Although I try to think in a courteous way, people sometimes blame me for not being courteous.

h. …… even when they are treated discourteously.

Ans: People with good manners respond politely even when they are treated discourteously.

i. If people practice courtesy, ……

Ans: If people practice courtesy, it will eventually become a habit.

j. Because Mr. Vann is suspicious of other’s motives, ……

Ans: Because Mr. Vann is suspicious of other’s motives, he can’t really accept their help.

Matters of the Heart Chapter 2 Write to be Read

https://dnphd.blogspot.com/2019/02/matters-of-heart.html

Chapter 2     Write to be Read

Matters of the Heart

Chapter 2

Write to be Read

Solution

BBS 1st year

1.      Which character, Esther or the Ethiopian wife loves more deeply? Explain.

Ans: The Ethiopian wife loves more deeply than Esther because she has stronger determination. The Ethiopian wife takes great risk to get a single hair from the tail of fierce lion because she wants to save relation with her husband. The Ethiopian wife puts her life in the great risk because she loves her husband more deeply. Esther also seems to love Laurence. They spend their life together since childhood. But when Laurence deceives Esther, she decides to kill him which is not good. She should have thought an idea about how she can attract him towards her instead of killing him. I think killing the lover to take revenge is not ultimate solution. In the matter of heart, sometimes obstacles try to win us but we should struggle with the obstacles and think to remedy them as Ethiopian wife did in the story. So in my opinion Ethiopian wife loves more deeply than Esther.

2.      Many marriage end in divorce often because love has failed. What are the causes of this failure? (think in general terms, not of one particular couple you know)

Ans: Marriage is a ceremony in which two. People become husband d and wife legally. Initially, they are perfect happy, later the trouble enters to their life and they are on the way of divorce. There may be many possible reasons of ending marriages in divorce.

The first reason may be husband and wife could not understand each other’s feelings and emotions. Sometimes there is misunderstanding between them due to small matters. Similarly there is no match of religion, class, caste and dispute takes place in their life Likewise they can’t share their feelings freely because they don’t trust each other. As a result their relationship I shattered.

Another reason of divorce may be early marriage. Some boys and girls marry without being matured. When the challenges, difficulties and dispute take place in everyday life, they can’t find an alternative solution and their marriage ends in divorce. Another possible reason may be different life objective. Such as one spouse wants child at the beginning of the marriage while another partner may want to delay to establish good career.

In this way love has failed in the life of many husbands and wives due to misunderstanding, financial problem, and difference in caste and religion different life objective and so on. As a result their marriage ends in divorce. In this way husband’s bad behavior of drinking wine, husband’s demand for dowry, mismatch in their birth order are some of reasons that end their marriage in divorce.

3.      Describe a loving couple you know whose relationship is an example to others. [2072 for 10 marks]

Ans: My friend, Jivan and his wife, Rima are the best loving couple I know. They both live near my village. They are really example to others in their village. They understand and respect to each other’s feelings and attitudes. My friend Jivan never starts any new work without asking to his wife, Rima and she also gives very concrete and logical advice to her husband. They solve any problem by discussing speak lie with each other. They share their experiences and feelings openly. They have good understanding and mutual cooperation. They trust to each other. My friend, Jivan is very funny and romantic, too. Sometimes he tells jokes and makes his wife laugh. If there is any misunderstanding between them, they talk openly and become clear.

They both are on the way of progress. Jivan has a government job and Rima teaches in private English medium school. They have their own house and sufficient land. The couples, sometimes, go for the short tour and become fresh. They always seem to keep each other happy. Rima is going to be mother very soon. They are living very happily and have become example to others in their village. I also respect to his couple and wish for their bright future.

4.      Do women make friends more easily than men do? Do they know how to be better friends than men do? Explain [2073 for 15 marks]

Ans: It is difficult to say who makes friends more easily either man or woman however I think woman can me friends more easily by observing woman’s behavior and activities.

Naturally women are loyal and sensitive to others. They can understand feelings of others well. Like men, women don’t make and leave the friends in a hurry. So, they can make the friends easily than men. Similarly, they are polite and have the feelings of affection and supportiveness to others. Their affection and supportiveness attract to others and finally they become friends with others. Women are kind hearted. They can’t see the difficulties of others and they become friends with others while helping them.

The next reason may be women are emotional and get attached easily, so they can’t let their friends go easily. Similarly understanding is the other essential factor of friendship which is more with women than men. In spite of being far, women share their feelings on the mobile or face book and understand the feelings of each other. Similarly, the next reason may also be that very few person reject women’s request to be friend and finally the become friends.

5.      Using transition Words. [TU 2072 for 2 marks]

Choose the better of the two transition words within parentheses and rewrite each item as one sentence with a semicolon or as two sentences separated by a period.

a. Some people feel that total honesty is essential in a loving relationship others feel it is dangerous to be completely honest. (However/ therefore) [2071]

Ans: Some people feel that total honesty is essential in a loving relationship. However, others feel it is dangerous to be completely honest.

b. One writer feels that good lies lead to a good marriage a person should lie in order not to hurt the spouse’s feeling. (However/ in other words) [2072]

Ans: Lack of communication is at the top of the “destructive” list so we can see how important communication is to a healthy loving relationship.

c. Selfishness can eventually destroy a loving relationship an unforgiving nature can make disappear very quickly.

Ans. Selfishness can eventually destroy a loving relationship, but an unforgiving nature can make disappear very quickly.

d. A lack of trust is a problem, for destruct can weaken any relationship.

Ans.  A lack of trust is a problem, for destruct can weaken any relationship.

e. A perfectionist can make the other person fell incompetent the other person may feel it is pointless trying to please the perfectionist.

Ans.  A perfectionist can make the other person fell incompetent, so the other person may feel it is pointless trying to please the perfectionist.

6.      using Subordinating Conjunctions.

Identity the two independent clauses in each item. then combine them using subordinating conjunctions: because, even though, if, unless. you may use some words more than once.

a. Acceptance and a sense of humor aren’t the qualities, most people think of first they are very important qualities in a loving relationship.

Ans: Even though acceptance and a sense of humor aren’t the qualities, most people think of first they are very important qualities in a loving relationship.

b. Acceptance and a sense of humor aren’t the qualities, most people think first they are very important qualities in a loving relationship.

Ans: If we really love someone, it means we love the person as they are, not as we would like them to be.

c. Not everything in life turns out the way we want a sense of humor about life is a way of accepting what comes our way.

Ans: Because not everything in life turns out the way we want, a sense of humor about life is a way of accepting what comes our way.

d. A sense of humor can make us feel rich and happy it is not the result of how many possessions we have.

Ans: A sense of humor can make us feel rich and happy even though it is not the result of how many possessions we have.

e. Some people take themselves and life too seriously, they can become easily disappointed when thing turn out differently than they expect.

Ans: Because some people take themselves and life too seriously, they can become easily disappointed when thing turn out differently than they expect.

f. We can say that we see the humor in life we are quick to laugh at ourselves and the difficulties life bring.

Ans: We can say that we see the humor in life if we are quick to laugh at ourselves and the difficulties life bring.

g. A relationship can become boring and predictable the people in the relationship have a sense of humor.

Ans: A relationship can become boring and predictable, unless the people in the relationship have a sense of humor.

7.      Editing for Run-On Sentences.

Rewrite the paragraph, correcting the run-on sentences. Some run-on sentences can be corrected in more than one way.

Some people are probably more successful in their relationship they have the qualities essential to loving relationship. The lack of these qualities is probably the cause of many problems we have with other people many of us would benefit from developing those qualities we don’t have. For example, many people get married and divorced over and over again others don’t get along with coworkers on the job. Perhaps their lives would be easier if they were better at communication if they were more honest about their feelings.

Ans: Some people are probably more successful in their relationship they have the qualities essential to loving relationship. The lack of these qualities is probably the cause of many problems we have with other people. Therefore, many of us would benefit from developing those qualities we don’t have. For example, many people get married and divorced over and over again. In addition, others don’t get along with coworkers on the job. Perhaps their lives would be easier if they were better at communication and if they were more honest about their feelings.